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・ Papal election, 1088
・ Papal election, 1099
・ Papal election, 1118
・ Papal election, 1119
・ Papal election, 1124
・ Papal election, 1130
・ Papal election, 1143
・ Papal election, 1144
・ Papal election, 1145
・ Papal election, 1153
・ Papal election, 1154
・ Papal election, 1159
・ Papal election, 1181
・ Papal election, 1185
・ Papal election, 1191
Papal election, 1198
・ Papal election, 1216
・ Papal election, 1227
・ Papal election, 1241
・ Papal election, 1243
・ Papal election, 1254
・ Papal election, 1261
・ Papal election, 1264–65
・ Papal election, 1268–71
・ Papal election, 1277
・ Papal election, 1280–81
・ Papal election, 1285
・ Papal election, 1287–88
・ Papal election, 1292–94
・ Papal election, December 1187


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Papal election, 1198 : ウィキペディア英語版
Papal election, 1198
The papal election of January 8, 1198 was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, who took the name Innocent III. In this election for the first time the new pope was elected ''per scrutinium''.〔A. Piazzoni, p. 177〕
==Death of Celestine III==

Pope Celestine III had been elected to the papacy in 1191 at the age of 85. In spite of his very advanced age, his pontificate lasted almost seven years. On Christmas Day, 1197 the 91-year-old Pope expressed the wish to abdicate the papacy on condition that his close collaborator Cardinal Giovanni di San Paolo would be elected the new pope.〔(The Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent III )〕 The cardinals rejected the suggestion as inconsistent with the rule that papal elections must be free ones.〔T. Greenwood, p. 358〕 Shortly thereafter, on January 8, 1198, Celestine III died and the cardinals present at his deathbed immediately started proceedings for the election of his successor.

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